When it comes to oxygen concentrators, Inogen, Inc. is a company that continuously puts out high-quality and reliable products. The latest product in their “G” series of portable oxygen concentrators, the Inogen One G5, is just one example of how their hard work and innovation has improved the lives of countless respiratory patients around the world.

However, if you’ve done a bit of research on oxygen concentrators, you know that there are a lot of things you need to know before making a purchase. Simply putting your money down for the “best” portable oxygen concentrator isn’t usually an option because each patient has entirely different wants and needs.

In order to help you better understand the Inogen One G5, we’ve put together a list of some interesting and potentially lesser-known facts about it. By doing so, you’ll be able to make a more educated decision about which concentrator is right for you.

As always, if you have any questions or concerns about oxygen concentrators, it’s best to speak with a respiratory specialist who will work to understand your needs and align you with the unit that will best serve you in the long term. With the Inogen One G5, you’ll have plenty of breathing room in case your trip lasts longer than you expected.

What is the Inogen One G5?

The Inogen One G5 is the latest portable oxygen concentrator by Inogen. It was released in the summer of 2019 and is widely considered to be one of the most advanced concentrators on the market. The G5 is a pulse flow machine meaning that it detects your breathing and only delivers oxygen when you inhale as opposed to continuous flow concentrators that deliver a constant stream of oxygen.

The G5 delivers on Inogen’s goal to provide respiratory patients with a reliable and powerful oxygen machine that allows them to regain their freedom and independence. Unlike continuous flow concentrators and oxygen tanks which need to be wheeled around on a cart, the G5 can easily be carried over your shoulder or in a backpack.

With previous iterations in the “G” series of portable oxygen concentrators, Inogen experimented with a lot of design types. The Inogen One G2, for example, had a high oxygen output and decent battery life, however, it was pretty heavy for a pulse flow portable oxygen concentrator. As a result, most people found it more convenient to use a carrying cart with it.

On the other side of the spectrum is the Inogen One G4. This unit was released several years ago and aimed to be the lightest portable oxygen concentrator ever produced. Unfortunately, this came at the cost of oxygen output which only went up to a flow setting of 3. This meant that this unit was off-limits to many oxygen patients who needed a higher flow setting.

When the Inogen One G5 released, it broke the mold by offering respiratory patients the best of both of these oxygen concentrators. The Inogen One G5 has a high oxygen output, great battery life, and it’s very lightweight and easy to carry. While all pulse flow oxygen concentrators have their pros and cons, the Inogen One G5 remains the best machine for the greatest number of people.

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1.) It Has the Longest External Battery Life of Any Portable Oxygen Concentrator

Potentially the most notable fact about the Inogen One G5 is that it has the longest external battery life of any portable oxygen concentrator ever produced. An external battery is one that’s not built into the device and can be removed and replaced with other batteries. In the case of the G5, the external battery is conveniently located on the bottom of the device and can be removed by pulling the tab on the side.

With the double battery (16-cell), the Inogen One G5 can run up to 13 hours on one charge. That’s more than enough to get you through a full day without needing to stop and plug it in. The only oxygen concentrators that surpass the battery life of the G5 are ones that have internal batteries, however, there are a number of problems with these units.

One of the main problems associated with internal batteries is that they can’t be replaced without the help of a professional. Unlike G5 batteries which can be installed or removed in a matter of seconds, you need to take apart the device in order to replace an internal battery.

Another problem with internal portable oxygen concentrator batteries is that they don’t afford you the freedom to choose how much battery life you use. While you can buy external batteries for units like the ResMed Mobi, they’re sold separately and only offer a few extra hours of battery life.

There’s no understating the importance of having a long battery life with your portable oxygen concentrator. Nobody likes being homebound and if you’re constantly having to worry about how long your POC will last before shutting off, you’re not going to be focused on living and enjoying your life.

2.) It’s one of the Lightest Portable Oxygen Concentrators

Another important metric of portable oxygen concentrators is weight. If you were to research oxygen therapy a decade ago, you probably would’ve never read the words “lightweight” and “oxygen device” in the same sentence. However, since their inception, portable oxygen concentrators have come a long way in offering a high flow of oxygen without adding weight.

 

The Inogen One G5 certainly doesn’t slack when it comes to its weight. At just 4.7 pounds, it’s the third lightest concentrator behind the AirSep Focus and the Inogen One G4. the problem is that neither of these offer the outstanding oxygen output and battery life that the G5 does. 

 

There are a number of benefits to using a lightweight portable oxygen concentrator. First of all, you’ll be far less likely to become out of breath or experience an exacerbation while carrying a device like the G5. 4.7 pounds is not very much weight, it’s about the same weight as a 2-liter bottle of soda. That’s not enough to be a burden to you as you walk around and enjoy your day.

 

Another benefit of investing in a lightweight portable oxygen concentrator like the G5 is that you won’t have to deal with a rolling travel cart. Rolling carts are commonly used for oxygen concentrators that are over 10 pounds or so because they become too much of a burden to carry around on your shoulder. 

Travel carts not only add weight to an already heavy oxygen concentrator, but they can be dangerous as well. If you’re using your concentrator while you’re walking, that means you need to have a cannula that runs from the device to your nose. If you’re not careful or you have a long cannula, it could easily get caught on something and cause injury.

 

Another downside to using a travel cart is that they take up a lot of room and you won’t be able to take them everywhere you need to. For example, if you’re walking down a gravel pathway, a muddy sidewalk, or you’re trying to get on a bus. This is why it’s difficult to recommend heavy oxygen concentrators because they don’t offer you true freedom in your day-to-day life.

 

3.) It Has the Highest Oxygen Output for its Weight

Having a lightweight oxygen concentrator doesn’t mean much if it doesn’t offer the oxygen output that you need. Fortunately, the Inogen One G5 is able to deliver on both and even has the highest oxygen output of any pulse flow unit for its weight. What this means is that you’re not carrying a bunch of unnecessary weight around.

 

Another thing this shows is that Inogen is focused on efficiency above all else. They understand that in order for you to get the most out of your portable oxygen concentrator, it needs to match your lifestyle and afford you the ability to go where you want and do what you want without weighing you down.

 

Despite offering the highest flow setting and overall oxygen output of any pulse flow portable oxygen concentrator, it’s still one of the lightest units available. For example, the AirSep Focus is the lightest portable oxygen concentrator ever produced weighing in at just 1.75 pounds. That’s pretty incredible, but the problem is that it only has one flow setting: a flow setting of 2. Many people require more oxygen than this.

 

Another unit lighter than the G5, the Inogen One G4, also lacks when it comes to oxygen output. The G4 weighs 2.8 pounds but can only supply a pulse setting of 3. What’s more, the G5 has over twice the battery life of the Inogen One G4. The G5, on the other hand, is the best of both worlds. It’s among the lowest POCs ever produced and has the highest flow setting of any pulse flow POC.

 

4.) It’s Designed for 24/7 Use

If you’ve had an electronic device such as a phone or computer die on you before, you may be afraid to run your portable oxygen concentrator 24/7. While every machine is different, the Inogen One G5, and many other Inogen concentrators, are actually designed to be used day and night.

 

This is great news for anyone who likes to sleep with oxygen therapy because it means you won’t have to buy a whole new home oxygen concentrator to use at night. This would be costly and add to the list of things you have to worry about. But thanks to the Inogen One G5’s Sleep Mode Technology, you’ll never have to worry about it.

 

 

When you sleep at night, your breathing changes significantly. Some people will sustain shallow breaths through their nose or mouth or their breathing rate may change the longer they sleep. Everyone has slightly different breathing patterns, but the G5 is able to detect even the most shallow breaths ensuring that you always have an adequate amount of oxygen.

 

Another reason the Inogen One G5 is great for 24-hour use is that its processor is set to last 20,000 hours. This is the most important part of the electrical components of your device and it’s responsible for ensuring you receive an accurate bolus of oxygen immediately upon inspiration. That’s about 2.3 years of persistent oxygen use!

 

5.) It Has its Own Mobile Application

In this day and age, staying connected is everything. If we’re away from our phones or computers for an extended period of time, it can feel like our whole world is caving in around us. Unfortunately, it can feel the same way if you aren’t able to check up on your POC every once in a while. 

Inogen created a workaround for this allowing you to check the status of your concentrator with a mobile device like a tablet or smartphone. The Inogen Connect app can be downloaded for free on either Android or iPhone devices and can be connected to your Inogen One G5 in a matter of minutes. 

 

Here are a few of the things you can check with the Inogen Connect app:

• Battery status
• Software updates
• Cannula and filter maintenance updates
• Column life
• Troubleshooting tips, FAQS, and the user manual
• Oxygen purity status

 

One of the greatest parts about this application is that it affords you more freedom to use your device how you please and live life on your own terms. Instead of having to keep your POC at your side all the time to check things like battery status, column life, and oxygen purity status, you can store your device under a seat or in a travel backpack without having to worry about it.

 

6.) It’s Approved by All Major Airlines

If you travel frequently, you know how much of a pain it is to deal with airlines. Between canceled flights, delayed takeoffs, and unbearable customer service, you may be tempted to just avoid flying altogether. Well we certainly couldn’t blame you for that, you may find some consolation in the fact that the Inogen One G5 is approved by all major airlines and they shouldn’t give you too much of a hassle about bringing it onto the plane.

There are, however, a few steps you should take before you fly with your Inogen One G5:

 

• Speak with your pulmonologist or primary care physician several days before your flight. Notify him/her that you will be traveling with medical oxygen. Ask for a doctor’s note or prescription that indicates your need for oxygen while in flight.
• A day or two before your flight, contact the airline that you will be flying with. Let them know that you will be flying with an oxygen concentrator. You may need to fax a copy of the physician’s note or arrive early to show it to them. This would be a good time to ask them any questions you may have about taking your concentrator onto the plane.
• Before you leave your home, make sure that you have at least 1.5 times as much battery life as your flight duration. Most airports have outlets near the boarding gates, so be sure to bring your AC adapter and charge your portable oxygen concentrator while you’re waiting for the plane.
• Once you arrive at the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) checkpoint at the airport, notify an employee that you will need to keep your oxygen on and need an alternate screening process.
• Finally, speak with an employee once you arrive at the gate to ensure your oxygen concentrator has been approved.
  

 

While the Inogen One G5 is approved by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), you should still take the steps listed above. Airlines can be tricky and if you wait until you arrive at your gate to notify them that you will be using oxygen, there could potentially be delays in your flight. Be sure to plan far enough ahead to avoid any complications.

 

Conclusion

Finding the right medical oxygen concentrator isn’t all about buying the most advanced one you can find, it’s more about finding the one that’s right for you and your lifestyle. However, given the numerous accomplishments of the Inogen One G5, it’s an ideal unit for many respiratory patients. While POCs like the AirSep Focus and Inogen One G4 are great for patients with low-flow oxygen needs, the G5 remains popular among people with both low and high oxygen flow needs.

 

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If you have any trouble at all with choosing a medical oxygen concentrator, you have several options. Firstly, you can read the user manuals for the units that you’re interested in. These can easily be found with a quick Google search or on the manufacturer’s website. Another option is to look at comparison charts like we have on this blog. It’s always easier to narrow down your options when you can see the system specifications side-by-side. Lastly, you can get in touch with one of our respiratory specialists who can walk you through your options.

Oxygen therapy or supplemental oxygen is the use of oxygen for medical purposes. It’s used by around 1.5 million people in the United States and can alleviate symptoms associated with a variety of respiratory conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and cystic fibrosis. Although oxygen therapy is a common medical treatment, there seems to be a lot of confusion around what it is, how it works, and why it’s so important. 

In order to help you better understand oxygen therapy, we’re going to take a look at some of the terms associated with it including medical oxygen terminology and medical equipment terminology. Medical terms include any terms associated with diagnosing oxygen issues in the body and oxygen equipment terms focus on the actual equipment and processes used to treat oxygen deficiencies. By doing so, you’ll have a better understanding of how oxygen therapy works and how it can benefit certain people.

In the following post, we’re going to take a look at the most common oxygen therapy terms and clarify any misconceptions that you may have about them. Whether you’ve recently had a blood gas test, been diagnosed with a respiratory disease, or you’re just curious, read on to learn more.  

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Medical Oxygen Terminology

Oxygen is one of the fundamental building blocks of life. All humans need oxygen to survive and all humans need the right amount of oxygen in order to be healthy. While the average person doesn’t spend their time thinking about their ability to breathe or process oxygen safely and effectively, for others, it’s a matter of life and death.

Underlying conditions like heart defects, lung diseases, or physical injury can cause oxygen deficiency and symptoms like lightheadedness, shortness of breath, and even organ failure. If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, it’s best to visit a doctor as soon as possible and ask about getting a blood gas test. Let’s take a look at some of the medical terms associated with oxygen.

Oxygen Deficiency

Every time you breathe, oxygen enters your bloodstream and red blood cells transport it throughout the body. This oxygen is used to nourish all organs in the body and perform an important process called metabolism. In a healthy person, blood oxygen levels vary between 75 and 100 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), but slight variations are usually not a concern. 

When your blood oxygen level drops below 60 mm Hg you are considered oxygen deficient, and your doctor will most likely prescribe some type of oxygen therapy to return them to normal levels. You should see a doctor if you experience one or more of the following:

• Shortness of breath while exercising or during sleep
• Lightheadedness
• Weakness throughout the body
• Breathlessness while at rest
  
  

Oxygen Saturation

Oxygen saturation, also known as O sats, is a term that refers to the saturation of oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood. Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein found in red blood cells and each one contains four globular protein subunits which can each carry one oxygen molecule. Because each organ in the body needs a very specific amount of oxygen, hemoglobin plays an important role in regulating oxygen levels and ensuring every cell in the body has the oxygen it needs.

One of the most important things to understand about oxygen saturation is the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, also known as the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. This curve compares the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood to the oxygen saturation level. Partial pressure (PaO2) refers to the actual oxygen content found in arterial blood. It’s a measurement of the pressure that’s exerted on a container wall within a mixture of other gases found in the arteries. Oxygen deficiency, like we discussed above, indicates a low partial pressure of oxygen and is measured in mmHg.

On the other hand, oxygen saturation levels are measured as a percentage. The percentage indicates the amount of hemoglobin (Hgb) binding sites that are carrying oxygen. Partial pressure of oxygen and oxygen saturation levels correlate directly meaning a higher partial pressure will result in a higher oxygen saturation level. If all hemoglobin binding sites are filled, this would result in a saturation of 100%.   

When diagnosing the cause of symptoms like lightheadedness and shortness of breath, it’s important for your doctor to understand both the partial pressure of oxygen and your oxygen saturation levels. While partial pressure will give them a more accurate picture of your oxygen levels, oxygen saturation levels can be determined without drawing blood using a device like a pulse oximeter. 

Hypoxemia and Hypoxia

Hypoxia and hypoxemia are two terms that are often confused, but it’s important to understand how they differ. Hypoxemia simply refers to low oxygen levels within the blood. Respiratory conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, or asthma are usually the cause of low oxygen levels, however, other risk factors include old age, smoking, and being at a high altitude. Typically, anything below 60 mmHg is a cause for concern, but your doctor may take action before that.

Hypoxia is similar to hypoxemia but instead refers to low oxygen levels in the tissues of your body. Hypoxia is sometimes, but not always, associated with hypoxemia. If hypoxemia is present, you will likely have lower oxygen levels in various tissues throughout the body. However, hypoxia can also be local meaning it’s only present in a certain tissue. This can result from low hemoglobin concentration (anemic hypoxia), low hemoglobin saturation (hypoxic hypoxia), or poor cardiac output (stagnant hypoxia).

While hypoxia is a partial obstruction of oxygen supply to a tissue, anoxia refers to a complete lack of oxygen in a tissue. This is usually caused by an injury that prevents blood flow like a hypoxic-anoxic brain injury. This type of hypoxia often results in permanent brain injury or death if they aren’t treated quickly and accordingly.  

Oxygen toxicity (hyperoxia)

Around 21 percent of the air that we breathe is oxygen. The rest of the air is made up of about 78 percent nitrogen, as well as carbon dioxide, and a small amount of other gases. Because oxygen is such a crucial element for our bodies, you would think that breathing pure oxygen would be healthy, but this is not the case. 

While hyperoxia is much more rare than hypoxemia, it’s still possible to have too much oxygen in the body. Oxygen toxicity is divided into two groups: acute toxicity and chronic toxicity. Acute toxicity can damage the central nervous system while chronic toxicity can lead to pulmonary edema, atelectasis, or lung passageway obstruction. Chronic oxygen toxicity has also been found to have an effect on the eyes, mainly in the form of retina damage.

Fortunately, it’s extremely uncommon to experience oxygen toxicity. Most cases of the condition involve divers because diving tanks deliver oxygen at a higher pressure than on land and often use special gas blends like enriched air nitrox. Although it is possible to experience chronic oxygen toxicity while on oxygen therapy, following your doctor’s instructions will ensure that you never get more oxygen than you need.  

Cyanosis

Cyanosis is the discoloration of skin, usually on the hands or feet, due to low oxygen levels. The discoloration usually occurs at extremities because oxygen needs to travel the farthest to reach those points. It can result from things like low blood pressure when there is not enough pressure for blood to reach certain parts of the body or artery problems like clots, peripheral vascular disease, or venous insufficiency.

Medication and oxygen therapy are typically prescribed to treat cyanosis, but it will depend on what is causing the issue. For example, if it’s the result of blood clots, you may need blood thinners or other medications. However, if it’s due to a pulmonary issue, you may be prescribed medical oxygen.

Pulse Oximetry

Pulse oximetry is the simplest and least intrusive way to test your blood oxygen. A pulse oximeter device is usually attached to the finger and measures the level of oxyhemoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin in the arteries. Because deoxygenated blood is darker, it absorbs more light and because oxygenated blood is lighter, it reflects more light. Your pulse oximeter will compare these two values and give you a general idea of your oxygen saturation.  

The benefit of pulse oximeters is that they’re portable and can be used wherever you need them. If you’re currently undergoing oxygen therapy, you should check your oxygen levels with a pulse oximeter regularly to ensure you’re maintaining healthy levels. However, pulse oximetry has limited uses. While your doctor will likely advise you to use one if you have low blood oxygen levels, he/she won’t use it to diagnose any medical condition. 

Arterial Blood Gas Test

Arterial blood gas tests (ABG) are another common way of testing oxygen levels in the blood. While ABG tests are more intrusive than pulse oximetry, they provide your doctor with more accurate and detailed information about your health. Your doctor may recommend having an ABG test if you are experiencing nausea, difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, or they have reason to believe that you may have a lung or kidney disease.

During a blood gas test, your doctor will collect a small sample of blood. This blood will usually be drawn from the arm, wrist, or groin using a small needle. Since blood needs to be tested within 10 minutes of being drawn, you’ll get your results shortly after. There are several pieces of information that can be drawn from your arterial blood gas test including:

Partial Pressure of Oxygen / Carbon Dioxide

This is a measurement of the pressure of oxygen or carbon dioxide that’s dissolved in the blood. This will tell your doctor how efficiently your body is able to bring oxygen into the bloodstream and remove carbon dioxide.

Oxygen Saturation

This result will reveal how much oxygen is being carried by the hemoglobin proteins in your bloodstream. Typically, blood saturation levels between 95 and 100 are healthy, and anything below 90 is a cause for concern.

Arterial Blood pH 

The arterial blood pH level will tell you the amount of hydrogen ions in your blood. Any pH lower than 7.0 is considered acidic while anything higher than 7.0 is considered acidic. A high pH score usually correlates with a higher bicarbonate level while a low pH level is associated with high carbon dioxide levels.

Bicarbonate  

Bicarbonate is produced through your body’s metabolic process. It regulates pH levels in your body and then it is transported back to the lungs to be released as carbon dioxide. Low bicarbonate may cause a condition called metabolic acidosis resulting in high blood acidity and high bicarbonate may be a sign of metabolic alkalosis which causes pH to increase in tissue.

Oxygen Equipment Terminology

Oxygen equipment is any equipment used to administer medical oxygen. If your doctor prescribes you oxygen, you will have several options regarding the device and accessories that you use. However, it’s important that you follow your doctor’s directions carefully. Not all oxygen therapy devices are created equal, so you should take your time and ensure that all your needs are met before investing in anything.

Like any industry, the supplemental oxygen industry is constantly evolving and adapting to patients needs. There are hundreds of conditions and diseases that can result in low blood oxygen do everyone has unique circumstances. Let’s take a look at some of the most common oxygen equipment terminology you should be aware of.

Oxygen Tanks

Oxygen tanks are the most standard form of oxygen therapy. The oxygen that it dispenses is compressed and contained within the tank. When it runs out, you’ll need to either get it refilled by a professional or have it swapped out with another one that’s full. Most oxygen tanks are bulky and can’t be moved but you can buy portable ones that are a bit more manageable. However, the more lightweight and portable you oxygen tank is, the less oxygen you will get out of it. 

One of the major downsides to using oxygen tanks for oxygen therapy is that they can be very dangerous. First and foremost, oxygen tanks present a major fire hazard. While the oxygen itself is not flammable, oxygen-rich environments can cause some materials to burn that wouldn’t normally burn and can make some things burn more than they normally would. Also, due to the size and material that oxygen tanks are made out of, they can cause injury fairly easily.

Liquid Oxygen Tanks

Liquid oxygen differs from regular oxygen tanks in that they are stored as a liquid rather than compressed air. According to the Lung Institute, liquid gas that’s converted to a gas expands 860 times meaning liquid oxygen tanks are much more compact than compressed oxygen tanks. This also means liquid oxygen is stored at a much lower pressure making it safer to use. The one downside is that it can be more pricey than traditional oxygen tanks due to the process of producing and storing it.

Oxygen Conserver Device (OCD)

An oxygen conserver, not to be confused with an oxygen concentrator is a device that attaches to an oxygen tank and manages its flow type. It’s called a conserver because it causes the oxygen to only be released when the patient inhales, thus conserving a significant amount of oxygen and allowing you to be out and about longer without having to refill your tank. A normal breathing pattern means inhaling one third of the time while exhaling the other two thirds, so oxygen conservers can be extremely effective. 

Fixed-Pulse and Demand-Pulse

There are two different types of oxygen conservers: fixed-pulse and demand-pulse. A fixed-pulse conserver has a set volume of air that’s released when a patient inhales. This type of conserver is designed to release a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) comparable to that of a continuous flow device. 

Demand-pulse conservers are similar to fixed-pulse units in that they release oxygen when the patient inhales. However, these devices continue to release a set amount of oxygen after the initial volume is released. This could be a consistent flow or it could diminish until the valve completely closes.   

Oxygen Concentrators

Oxygen concentrators are some of the most state-of-the-art oxygen therapy devices on the market. As opposed to oxygen tanks, oxygen concentrators don’t actually hold oxygen inside the unit; the oxygen is drawn from ambient air, purified and released in a concentrated form. The obvious benefit to this is that there is never a need to replace oxygen tanks or have them refilled.

There are two types of oxygen concentrators: home oxygen concentrators and portable oxygen concentrators. Home oxygen concentrators can be plugged into any wall outlet while portable concentrators use batteries. And because oxygen concentrators are powered by electricity, accessories similar to those on oxygen tanks are already built in to your device. For example, you can purchase either a continuous flow oxygen concentrator or a pulse-flow oxygen concentrator.  

Pulse Flow vs Continuous Flow

Flow settings on oxygen concentrators work similar to conservers that you can buy for your oxygen tank. Continuous flow puts out a constant stream of oxygen and doesn’t account for the user’s breathing rate, whereas a pulse flow or pulse dose oxygen concentrator puts out a set amount of oxygen when the user inhales.  

Liter Flow Settings

Another aspect of oxygen concentrators is the liter flow setting. Oxygen concentrators and portable oxygen concentrators can have up to six liter flow settings which determine how much oxygen is actually coming out of the device. While it may seem like the higher setting, the better, you need to follow your doctor’s prescription exactly. Luckily, with a home or portable oxygen concentrator, you can change the liter flow setting with the simple touch of a button. Portable oxygen concentrators range from 3 liters per minute (LPM) to 6 liters per minute. Home oxygen concentrators range from 5 LPM to 10 LPM.

Humidifier

A humidifier is a device that can be attached to many different types of oxygen concentrators, oxygen tanks, and even CPAP devices. If you experience irritation in the nasal passage while using medical oxygen, humidifiers will help prevent this and ensure that you’re breathing humidified air. You will, however, need to replace water in the humidifier when it runs out.

Cannula

A cannula is a plastic tube that delivers medical oxygen to a patient. One end attaches to your oxygen concentrator and the other has two prongs that are inserted into the nose. Because comfort is a major concern when it comes to oxygen therapy, there are a variety of cannulas on the market to help you find one that works best for you. Oxygen cannulas include but are not limited to:

• Curved prong cannulas
• Flared prong cannulas 
• Straight prong cannulas
  
  

Nebulizer

Although nebulizers aren’t technically “oxygen therapy,” they are part of what’s called “inhalation therapy.” Nebulizers work by using oxygen, compressed air, and a medical solution to create an aerosol, or a mixture of gas and liquid particles. While nebulizers can be used to treat conditions like asthma and COPD, they typically aren’t used to treat low blood oxygen levels like oxygen therapy does.

Recreational vs Medical Oxygen

One common point of confusion for someone that’s new to medical oxygen is understanding the difference between medical and recreational oxygen. Simply put, medical oxygen is used to treat low blood oxygen levels and diseases like COPD and asthma, whereas recreational oxygen is used to improve athletic performance. Many people use oxygen canisters if they're climbing or hiking at high altitude where the air is thin and there's very little oxygen. 

Durable Medical Equipment (DME)

If you want to seek compensation from a private health insurance company or Medicare, you should understand the term “durable medical equipment.” Usually what this refers to is any equipment that can withstand repeated use, serves a medical purpose, and is not useful to someone without an illness. If there is any confusion about this, you should clarify with your insurance company.  

Conclusion

Oxygen therapy is something that’s constantly evolving so it’s not uncommon for someone to be confused about how it works or why it’s important. Hopefully, this list helps to clarify any confusion about terms or concepts that you may have had and if not, be sure to check back regularly as we’ll upgrade it regularly with any new terms you should know.

If you just started oxygen therapy, your doctor will be your best resource for any concerns you have about oxygen devices, flow settings, and oxygen accessories. While oxygen therapy is becoming safer and easier to use by the year, you will still want to make sure you’re receiving the optimal treatment for your medical condition.

The stress and hassle of traveling can be a challenge for anyone, but it poses a special challenge for those struggling with chronic diseases like COPD.

If you or someone you love has COPD, then you know that it can make major changes in daily routine difficult to manage. COPD patients struggle every day to keep their symptoms under control and often have strict treatment regimens they have to follow carefully.

This difficulty gets amplified when you leave your house, and it can make any kind of traveling a daunting task. Especially if you use supplemental oxygen, it takes a significant amount of planning and preparation to safely spend an extended time away from home.

However, this doesn't mean that travel is impossible, even if it does make it more complicated. With the right planning and preparation, you can still go on trips and adventures without compromising your health.

The Challenges of Traveling with COPD

If you have COPD, there are many different things you need research and consider before planning an extended trip away. Overlooking even a small detail could be dangerous or throw a major wrench in your travel plans.

For instance, you need to thoroughly research your destination and where you're staying to ensure that you don't put your lungs in hazardous conditions. You also have to pack much more carefully so you don't forget any medication or medical equipment you need.

And if you have a prescription for supplemental oxygen, it gets even more complex. Knowing general oxygen safety isn't enough; you need to plan and prepare in order to avoid problems, accidents, and running out of oxygen.

If you suffer from COPD, failing to plan properly is not just irresponsible, but can actually be dangerous for your health. Poor preparation could result in missing your transportation or suffering from severe breathing problems far away from home.

In this article, we're going to show you how to make traveling with COPD and oxygen as safe and convenient as possible, whether you travel by plane, car, or any other mode of transportation. We'll tell you what to look out for, how to prepare, and how to handle your oxygen equipment safely on the journey.

Going far away from home can be scary when you have a chronic disease, especially if you have severe COPD. But if you follow the tips in this article, you'll be prepared for the challenge and able to embark on your journey worry-free.

The Challenges of Traveling with Oxygen

Millions of people in the US rely on supplemental oxygen, and it's a lifeline for many patients with COPD. If you or someone you love uses supplemental oxygen, then you need to learn all about how to safely use and transport oxygen when you travel.

Whether you use oxygen occasionally or continuously, lugging around heavy oxygen tanks and other equipment can be complicated and inconvenient. Being tethered to a medical device is not easy, and it's no wonder many patients feel limited or trapped by their oxygen therapy.

What makes traveling potentially dangerous for oxygen patients is that it takes you out of your familiar environment and far away from your doctor, home, and most possessions. If you forget any equipment, run out of oxygen, or something else goes wrong, it can be more difficult to get help in an unfamiliar place.

Another challenge of traveling with oxygen is that it disrupts your normal routine, which can make it difficult to keep up with your usual COPD treatment schedule. Traveling to new places can also expose you to new allergens and respiratory irritants, making flare-ups more likely and potentially increasing your oxygen needs.

There's also the problem of the mode of travel itself, which can limit your oxygen options and make therapy more complicated. For example, when you travel long distances by car, it can be difficult to access, adjust, and switch out your oxygen supply.

Traveling by plane is even more complicated because of airport security and restrictions on what you can bring aboard. Airlines usually only allow you to bring portable oxygen concentrators on the plane, as they consider liquid or compressed gas oxygen tanks a safety risk.

In general, traveling makes oxygen therapy more inconvenient at the same time that it becomes more difficult keep your symptoms at bay. It also means preparing for a variety of potential problems and situations that you can't control.

But even though living with COPD may make travel more complicated, you can still find ways to explore and have new adventures. In the next sections, we'll cover all of these complications and show you a variety of practical tips for traveling safely with oxygen and COPD.

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First Steps Before Your Trip

Talk To Your Doctor!

Consulting your doctor should be the very first step you take before planning an extended trip away from home. It's important to get your doctor's okay, as well as important medical records and prescription information, before you travel.

First, talk to your doctor about where you are visiting and what kinds of events and activities you are planning to participate in. That way, if there are any concerns or red flags, your doctor can warn you and give you advice to help you avoid problems.

Depending on the severity of your COPD and any recent medical problems, your doctor might impose limitations on your travel or what sorts of activities you can do. He may also be able to give you helpful advice for managing your symptoms and continuing treatment on your trip.

You should also ask your doctor for a detailed list of your medications in case you need to verify your medicine with travel personnel at any point along your trip. You should also make sure you have your doctor's up-to-date contact information in case you have an emergency or simply need to ask a question.

Research Your Destination

Before you get your heart set on a destination, make sure you take some time to research the place you want to visit. That way, you can find out about any conditions that could affect your COPD and make arrangements ahead of time to minimize your risk.

Local climate conditions including weather, air pollution, humidity, and altitude are all important things to look up before you travel to an unfamiliar location. You should also look up local hospitals and medical services near your travel destination so you can get help quickly if something goes wrong.

For example, you will need to take extra precautions if you are planning to travel to a high elevation, such as taking extra medication or adjusting your oxygen prescription. Since there is less oxygen at high altitudes, you will have more difficulty breathing, and portable oxygen concentrators may not function correctly.

In especially hot, humid, cold, or polluted environments, you should be ready for flare-ups and prepare to treat more aggressive COPD symptoms. You may need to pack extra medication or equipment (such as a particle mask) to help you cope with poor weather and air quality.

In some cases, the conditions might simply be too dangerous for your health, especially if your COPD is severe or you've experienced a recent hospitalization. If your ideal destination will make it too difficult to control your symptoms and get the medical care you need, you should look for a different place to visit.

Even though travel and vacations are important, they're not worth putting your lungs or your life at risk. Most of the time, you can find a great alternative destination that is more accommodating and easier on your body.

As we mentioned before, you should always consult your doctor before going on any kind of extended trip if you suffer from COPD. If you or your doctor have concerns about climate conditions or medical services during your travels, it's important to take them seriously, even if it means making compromises.

Here are some tips for finding a safe, comfortable travel destination:

• If you are traveling far, do some research on the local climate so you know what to expect.
  
  
• Look out for rural places that are far from a hospital or sophisticated medical services. It's important to be able to get quick and effective medical attention in the case of a serious exacerbation or emergency.
  
  
• If you are sensitive to weather conditions, try to avoid visiting places with extreme temperatures or humidity. If you can, visit more extreme climates during a season when the weather is more mild and tolerable.
  
  
• Exercise caution if you are traveling to a higher elevation than what you're used to, as the air will be thinner and more difficult to breathe. If you have severe breathing troubles, you may need to avoid visiting high altitudes altogether.
  
  
• Write down the addresses and phone numbers of local hospitals and clinics in all the areas you are traveling to. Your doctor may even be able to give you recommendations for trusted medical professionals in the region.

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Choose Safe and Comfortable Lodging

Once you've chosen a suitable destination for your trip, you still need to find a comfortable place to stay. Unfortunately, not all hotels, resorts, and other types of lodging can accommodate people with special medical requirements.

If your COPD is severe or you use supplemental oxygen therapy, it's important to find lodging that accommodates your needs. You can often find information on medical conditions and disabilities on the company's website, but you should always call ahead to notify them and verify their amenities before your visit.

You should also make sure that the place you plan to stay at is clean, reputable, and has helpful, friendly staff. Here are some more tips for finding a safe and comfortable place to stay as you plan your next trip:

• If you are staying at an inn or resort, make sure they have smoke-free accommodations.
  
  
• Look up reviews from other guests who have stayed at the same place to make sure it is clean, safe, and friendly. Cross-reference reviews with the hotel's claims to ensure that what they promise doesn't differ significantly from the experiences of past guests.
  
  
• If your lungs are sensitive to fragrances and cleaning products, notify your hotel ahead of time. They may be able to use milder cleaning products or offer unscented toiletries in your room.
  
  
• Make sure that any events or venues you plan to visit are smoke-free environments.
  
  
• If you need any special help or disability accommodations, check with your hotel ahead of time to make sure they can provide adequate assistance.
  
  
• If you use oxygen, check with your hotel ahead of time to ensure there are no safety issues and that they are aware of your medical condition and needs.
  
  
• Make sure where you stay has a safe, secure place for you to store your oxygen or other medical equipment. You will need a well-ventilated place to secure any extra oxygen tanks you bring and a steady supply of electricity for your oxygen concentrator, if you have one.
  
  
• If you rely on an oxygen concentrator as your primary oxygen source, make sure you notify the hotel that you are bringing medical equipment that requires a constant electricity source. Make sure they have a backup generator or other safeguards in place in case of a power outage.
  
  
• If you have requested any special accommodations, make sure you check in with your hotel a few days before your visit to make sure everything is in order.

Stock Up on Oxygen and Other Medications

When you're far away from home, the last thing you want to do is run out of medication. It can be much more difficult to coordinate a prescription refill in an unfamiliar town, and disruptions in your daily medication schedule can be dangerous.

Not having your oxygen, inhaler, or rescue medication when you need it can cause dangerous breathing issues and even require you to go to the hospital. At the very least, going without your medication can cause your symptoms to flare up, which is never pleasant and could lead to a more serious exacerbation.

That's why you should talk to your doctor about stocking up on extra medications to bring with you if you are planning an extended trip. You may need more than your typical amount to last the duration, and you should ask for extra in the case of emergencies or in case you are away longer than expected.

If you use supplemental oxygen, it's particularly important to talk to your doctor and your oxygen supplier before the trip. They can help you make sure that you have enough extra oxygen to last in case of an emergency or one of your other oxygen sources malfunctions.

Depending on where you are traveling to and what company supplies your oxygen, you may even be able to get oxygen delivered to your travel destination while you're there. Each company is different, so you will need to work with your provider ahead of time to find a solution that works for your trip.

Once you've ensured that you will be in no danger of running out of oxygen, you should stock up on other oxygen delivery equipment you may need. You might want to bring extra sets of nasal cannulae, humidifier bottles, and any padding you use to make oxygen therapy more comfortable.

Gather Medical Paperwork

It's important to bring all of your medication with you on your trip, which means you should have a copy of your doctor's records for all of your prescriptions. You should also bring a copy of your COPD treatment and action plans to reference if you need to.

You should keep this paperwork with you at all times when you travel for both medical and security reasons. If you are traveling by plane, train, boat, or using any other transportation service, you may need to present your medical and prescription records to bring medication or oxygen on board.

It's also a good idea to have all of this information on hand in the case of an emergency or hospitalization. Doctors and emergency personnel will be better able to help you if they have immediate, detailed information on your medical condition.

Oxygen Travel Checklist

Careful planning ahead of trips is essential if you use oxygen therapy, especially if you need to use it continuously. It's important to take this preparation step seriously, or you could end up with a serious medical emergency.

To help you the next time you travel, here is a checklist of vital steps you should take before taking any kind of trip with oxygen:

• Notify the place you will be staying at that you are bringing oxygen. Ask if there are any special requirements or safety concerns.
  
  
• Get a note from your doctor with your brief medical history and a detailed list of all the medications you use, including your oxygen prescription. Keep it with you at all times when you travel.
  
  
• Make sure you have enough oxygen to last your whole trip. Contact your oxygen supply company if you need to stock extra.
  
  
• Make sure that your mode of transportation allows you to bring oxygen on board. Be aware that some transportation companies only allow portable oxygen concentrators or have restrictions on the number, type, size, or weight of oxygen canisters you can bring.
  
  
• If you are bringing a portable oxygen concentrator, make sure that you have enough batteries to make it last your whole trip. Depending on your mode of transportation, you may be able to plug your concentrator in to your car or recharge your batteries via an A/C outlet along the way.
  
  
• Make sure you have a safe, secure place to store extra oxygen tanks during your journey. If needed, your oxygen supply company might be able to deliver oxygen canisters to your destination for you.
  
  
• Flying with oxygen can be complicated, and what you need to do depends on which airline you are flying with. Refer to the section on traveling by plane (below) for more information.

Traveling by Car with COPD

Compared to other forms of transportation, traveling by car gives you more control over your trip and your immediate environment. This can make managing your COPD while you travel much easier, since you have more control over your schedule, your space, and any equipment and medications you bring.

Car travel also makes it much easier to bring oxygen and manage your oxygen therapy. As long as you can fit your equipment and canisters safely in your car, you don't have to worry about any restrictions or limitations on the kind of oxygen you can bring along.

Taking a road trip in your car is one of the most convenient ways to travel when you have COPD, but it still comes with some challenges. Before you plan your next road trip, you should learn how to protect your lungs on the road and transport your oxygen safely.

Avoid Respiratory Irritants

Pollution and respiratory irritants are the most hazardous aspects of car travel for people with COPD. When you spend extended amounts of time on the road, you need to be especially careful to protect yourself from car fumes and other respiratory irritants.

First, never smoke in the car or allow anyone else with you to smoke in the car or around you during the trip. This is particularly vital if you are transporting oxygen in your car, as sparking a cigarette becomes a major fire hazard.

If possible, make sure you are riding in a non-smoker's vehicle; even if no one is actively smoking, simply being inside a smoker's car can irritate your lungs and cause your symptoms to flare up. If there is no non-smoker's vehicle available, consider getting the car thoroughly cleaned by a professional or renting a different car for your trip.

Second, keep the windows rolled up as much as possible to keep air pollution, allergens, and exhaust fumes from wafting into your car. You can also set your car's ventilation system to continuously re-cycle the air in the car's cabin, which prevents it from pulling in polluted air from the road.

Over-Prep Your Vehicle and Route

When you have a chronic disease, mishaps like getting lost or stranded can be especially dangerous. If your car breaks down, you could end up stuck in hazardous conditions or even run out of oxygen.

That's why you should always get your car inspected and serviced before a long trip to check for any problems or malfunctions. Make sure they check all the basics, like ensuring your car has fresh oil and that your air filter, engine fluids, and brake pads don't need to be replaced.

You should also keep an emergency preparedness kit in your car along with a first aid kit, a spare tire and jack, and a small gas canister in case you run out of fuel. Your emergency kit should include, at a minimum: a tire guage, an emergency flare, reflective markers, jumper cables, extra water supply, blankets, and a flashlight.

To reduce the chances of any mishaps, you should plan your travel route thoroughly and carefully, making note of any road closures or other potential problems along your path. Make sure you have a map, smartphone, or a GPS device available in case you need to make last minute changes to your route along the way.

As you plan your route, try to avoid busy highways, high-traffic roads, and areas with high levels of allergens you are sensitive to. This will reduce the amount of respiratory irritants your lungs are exposed to and make your symptoms less likely to flare up.

Take Breaks

Even though you spend most of the time sitting down, extended road trips can be physically exhausting. Being stuck in such a small, cramped place can get extremely uncomfortable after awhile.

Building stops and breaks in to your trip, however, can significantly reduce the stress and physical strain of long trips in the car. Make sure you give yourself plenty of opportunities to pause, stretch your legs, and take bathroom trips along the way.

If you need to, break your trip up into smaller chunks find places along your route you can stay at overnight. This can help the trip feel more bearable and can also make it easier to keep up with your normal COPD treatment routine.

Sitting for very long periods of time is not healthy for your body, so you should take every opportunity to stretch and move around when you travel. Stand up, take a short walk, and get your blood flowing at regular intervals during your trip.

Taking Oxygen on Your Road Trip

Transporting oxygen in your own car is much simpler than taking it on any other mode of transportation. The only major things you have to worry about is bringing enough oxygen and making sure you have a safe place to store it in your car.

Oxygen canisters, whether liquid or gas, should always be stored upright in a well-ventilated place. That means you should never transport oxygen canisters in your trunk, which is too small and enclosed a space to store them safely.

Instead, it's best to store extra oxygen canisters on the floor of your car in the space behind the driver's or passenger's seat. If you are using oxygen while traveling, you can store your current oxygen supply in the seat next to you. If you are a passenger, you can also store your canister or portable oxygen concentrator on the floor in front of you, if there's space.

If you are traveling in a warm climate, make sure you never leave your oxygen cylinders for too long in the hot car. If you will be leaving the car in the heat for an extended period of time, you will need to remove the cylinders from your vehicle and find a secure, climate-controlled place to store your oxygen while you're gone.

Lastly, it's important to make sure that you bring enough oxygen with you to last you your whole trip. If you don't have enough space to store it all in your car, talk to your oxygen supply company to see if they can deliver more to you at your destination.

Flying by Plane with COPD

Planes are one of the more difficult modes of transportation to use if you have COPD. It's significantly more difficult if you are traveling with oxygen, because of airport restrictions and security. In fact, if you don't have a portable oxygen concentrator, you cannot bring oxygen on a plane at all.

There are several important things to remember b

If you tuned into our blog earlier this month, you know that we discussed COPD as a “systemic disease.” In other words, it’s a disease that affects every part of the body, not just the lungs. This is an important distinction to make because it enables both patients and medical professionals to detect systemic manifestations earlier on and treat them more effectively. One of the systemic manifestations that we mentioned in this post is osteoporosis, a disease that affects the density of the bones.

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Osteoporosis is a common comorbidity of COPD, meaning the two conditions often exist side-by-side. Because of the nature of the two diseases, there are many complications that arise as a result of having them both. For example, both COPD and osteoporosis increase the patient’s risk of experiencing a fall as well as getting seriously injured from a fall. In this post, we’re going to take a closer look at the connection between COPD and osteoporosis, how they’re related, and how to cope with each. If you have any questions or concerns, be sure to leave them in the comment section below so that we can get back to you.

What is Osteoporosis?

Your bones are in a constant state of repair. Cells called osteoblasts synthesize bone material and assist in the mineralization of bone tissue. Simultaneously, cells called osteoclasts degrade old bone tissue and send calcium back into the blood. After a year, your body has regenerated about 10 percent of its bone tissue. The reason your body does this is that bone tissue does not last forever. It needs to be replaced regularly in order for your bones to be strong enough to support the weight of your body.

It’s natural for bone remodeling to occur more slowly the older we get. However, if the rate at which bone is produced is much slower than it’s being removed, or it’s being removed much quicker than it’s being replaced, this is known as osteoporosis, a disease that affects around 10 million Americans. Osteoporosis is more common in women over the age of 50, but anyone can get it at any age.

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Osteoporosis usually develops very slowly and people are at a higher risk if they have a lower “peak bone mass.” Most people reach this point when they’re in their mid-twenties to thirties, so osteoporosis can sometimes (but not always) be predicted. Oftentimes, there are no warning signs of osteoporosis until the patient experiences a fracture. However, some people will experience joint pain, back pain, or a stooped posture. One instance where you may receive an early diagnosis of osteoporosis is if your doctor believes you are at high risk for this condition.

Bone fractures in the hip or spine are some of the most serious complications of osteoporosis because they impair the patient’s mobility. Falls are the most common cause of these types of injury but in severe cases, bones can fracture from simply bumping into something, bending over, or coughing. While there is no cure for osteoporosis there are many treatment options available that can help boost the rate of bone growth in your body, thus helping to prevent fractures and chronic pain.

How is Osteoporosis Diagnosed?

The main test used to diagnose osteoporosis is called a bone mineral density (BMD) test. It uses a type of low-energy X-ray called Dexa-Scan (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry or DXA) to calculate the density of bone in the spine and hip. Your bone mineral density (BMD) is compared to the mean BMD for your age to determine if you have either osteoporosis or osteopenia. This is a condition that simply means you have low bone mineral density, it doesn’t necessarily mean that you will develop osteoporosis in the future or that you’re at risk of experiencing a fracture. If your BMD is less than one standard deviation below the mean, your bones are normal. Between -1 and -2.5 standard deviations is considered osteopenia and more than -2.5 is osteoporosis.  

There are many other tests that can be performed to assist health professionals to determine if you have osteoporosis. Computerized tomography (CT) scans, X-rays, ultrasounds, and body composition analysis which shows the percentage of body weight due to bone, fat, muscle, and water. There are also many blood tests that can assist in diagnosing osteoporosis including blood calcium tests, vitamin D tests, thyroid tests, and testosterone tests. Be sure to ask your doctor if you’re not sure which test you need to take.

What’s the Link Between COPD and Osteoporosis?

At first glance, you might notice a lot of similarities between COPD and osteoporosis. Both conditions are more common in older adults, more common in women, and they can’t be cured. However, they’re both highly treatable. In other words, you’re at a higher risk of contracting COPD and osteoporosis based on your age and gender alone. But when you take a closer look, you’ll notice that there are many common side-effects of COPD that put you at a higher risk of osteoporosis in old age. 

According to a study published by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) which included 14,828 subjects over the age of 45, there was an 8.5% prevalence of osteoporosis in non-COPD patients, but there was a prevalence of 16.9% in COPD patients. Let’s take a look at some of the side effects of COPD that may lead to osteoporosis.

A History of Smoking

Smoking is the most common preventable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Smoking has countless systemic effects ranging from lung cancer to heart disease. Studies have also shown for decades that tobacco use has extremely adverse effects on bone health, not least of which is decreased bone density. According to UCI Health, there are several reasons why smoking is so bad for bone health. Firstly, it reduces the flow of blood to your bones by causing your blood vessels to constrict. This means your bones are being deprived of vital resources including osteoblasts, the bone-producing cells. Smoking has also been shown to hamper the resorption of calcium meaning it can’t be replaced in the bones.

There isn’t much to say about smoking and COPD that hasn’t already been said. According to the American Lung Association, about 85 to 90 percent of COPD cases are caused by cigarette smoking. What’s more, about 38 percent of people with COPD continue to smoke after receiving a diagnosis. It goes without saying that, if you’re a current smoker, the sooner you quit, the better. The respiratory effects of smoking are bad enough on their own, but when they’re combined with chronic pain and an increased risk of fractures, these issues are exacerbated.

Diet

Your body needs a large variety of vitamins and minerals in order to maintain every bodily function from digestion to blood flow. But when you develop a chronic condition, you often need to adjust your diet to accommodate for certain deficiencies that you may develop. In COPD and many other respiratory diseases, vitamin D deficiency is very common. Vitamin D is essential for everyone because it plays a vital role in helping your body absorb calcium which is the main support structure for your bones. Without it, your bones will become weak and brittle.

One of the main reasons respiratory patients are vitamin D deficient is that they oftentimes aren’t exposed to as much sunlight as their healthy counterparts. Sunlight is the most important natural source of vitamin D, but many COPD patients are immobilized by symptoms like fatigue, breathlessness, and chronic pain. One way to combat this is to simply sit by a window where you’re receiving direct sunlight. If you live in an area that doesn’t receive sunlight for prolonged parts of the year, you can supplement your diet with vitamin D-rich foods like oily fish, red meat, or egg yolks.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Body mass index is derived from your body weight and height. Anything between a BMI of 18.5 and 24.9 is normal, but if you dip below this or go above it, it may be cause for concern. While the United States suffers from an obesity epidemic, COPD patients often suffer from the opposite problem — being underweight. According to the Lung Institute, COPD patients burn an average of 10 times as many calories while breathing as their healthy counterparts do. This is why many doctors recommend that COPD patients increase their caloric intake after being diagnosed. According to Healthline, about 25 to 40 percent of people with COPD have low body weight. 

Having a BMI under 21 is also a risk factor for low bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis. Studies have shown that BMI inversely correlates with BMD, so the lower your body weight is in comparison to your height, the more at risk you are for developing weak bones. As a COPD patient, the best thing you can do to prevent this is to ensure that you are eating enough and that you are following your doctor’s advice on what to eat. If you experience exhaustion from consuming large meals, try eating smaller meals all throughout the day in order to meet the calorie requirement that your doctor has set. This also helps your body out with digestion and prevents feelings of fatigue and bloating after eating.  

Physical Activity

Exercise is one of the key components of an effective COPD treatment regime. Exercise keeps the lungs strong and healthy, reducing symptoms of breathlessness and chest pain. Strong muscles also use oxygen more effectively meaning you’ll be able to stay out of the house and stay active longer without taking a break. And while exercise can’t reverse COPD, it can improve your life expectancy and quality of life. Be sure to discuss with your doctor which exercise program will be best for you. Most health specialists recommend pulmonary rehabilitation which involves lung education, strength training, and endurance training.

According to Orthoinfor.aaos.org, exercise affects bones similar to how it affects muscle — it makes it stronger. Bone is living tissue and when stress is applied to it, it reacts by building more tissue. So, it goes without saying that, by exercising regularly, you can keep your bones in good condition and prevent osteoporosis. Unfortunately, due to the respiratory symptoms of COPD, many people are left feeling unmotivated or unable to exercise, and in turn, their bone health begins to suffer. You should aim to exercise at least 3 to 4 times per week and since hip and spinal fractures are most common in osteoporosis, be sure to get on your feet and work your whole body, not just your arms. Exercise also strengthens your stabilizer muscles, helping to improve balance and prevent falls. 

COPD Medication

One final way that COPD affects your bones is through your medication. Your medication is a vital part of your treatment plan, but you have to be careful with it because, like any medication, it has both short- and long-term side effects. Most of the side effects should be listed on the container of the medication, but for more specific information, be sure to consult your doctor. The main COPD medication of concern when it comes to bone health is corticosteroids. These drugs are used by COPD patients to reduce inflammation which can prevent flare-ups and exacerbations. Corticosteroids are usually inhaled via an inhaler or nebulizer in order to reach the lungs more quickly.

The way that corticosteroids affect the bones is by altering the way the body uses vitamin D and calcium. Oftentimes, corticosteroids increase the rate at which bone breaks down and reduces its ability to absorb calcium. If corticosteroids are used heavily, this could lead to rapid bone deterioration, so it’s important to use them only as they’re prescribed. If you’re still concerned about bone loss even while taking the normal dosage, be sure to ask your doctor if there are any alternative medications that you can take without this side effect.  

Conclusion

COPD is one of the most common chronic illnesses in the world. However, many people are unaware of the many systemic manifestations of this disease. About 36 to 60 percent of COPD patients have osteoporosis which is higher than the general population. The good news is that just a few lifestyle changes can significantly reduce your risk of experiencing low bone mineral density and osteoporosis. Immediate smoking cessation, a revised diet, regular physical activity, and careful use of your COPD medication are just a few of the most important.  

If you’re a COPD patient who’s struggling to get on your feet and maintain an exercise routine, consider upgrading your obsolete oxygen device to a portable oxygen concentrator. POCs are much smaller and lighter than a standard oxygen tank meaning you won’t feel out of breath after a short walk. Portable oxygen concentrators like the Inogen One G5 and Caire FreeStyle Comfort have taken the oxygen industry by storm with a simple, easy-to-use interface, sleek design, and high oxygen output. If you’d like to learn more about these devices and all that they have to offer, don’t hesitate to reach out to our oxygen concentrator specialists here at LPT Medical.    

If you grew up hearing the phrase “an apple a day keeps the doctor away,” then you’ve probably spent your life trying to eat healthy foods. However, “eating healthy” isn’t necessarily just about eating healthy food; it’s about getting the right balance of nutrients that your body needs.

If you eat an apple every morning, that’s great! Apples are perfect for a quick energy boost, they help with weight loss, and they’re a heart healthy snack. But they also lack many of the vitamins and minerals that lead to optimal health.

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Another thing many people don’t consider is that nutritional needs are different for everyone. Whereas everyone needs the same nutrients to stay healthy, diets need to be adjusted and adapted to each individual’s needs at any given time.

Although eating right may sound like a simple concept, it can be complicated by things like changing tastes as we age and medical conditions that affect the way food is processed in the body. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is just one condition that often has this effect on the body.

How COPD Affects Your Appetite and Sense of Taste

You may be wondering, “how can a disease that affects the lungs affect your appetite?” This is a valid question and one that can’t be answered easily. However, a good place to start is by remembering that everything you put in your body affects every aspect of your health in some way or another — whether directly or indirectly.

And when it comes to COPD specifically, your respiratory health is linked to your diet in one key way: metabolism. Metabolism is the process through which your body breaks down the food you eat and converts it into usable energy. Whether you’re at the gym exercising or you’re in bed sleeping, your body is always using energy, and thus your body always needs a source to draw energy from.

In the metabolic process, there are three main components that your body uses: the food and drink that you consume and the oxygen that you breathe. After consuming a food or drink, it goes to your stomach where it is broken down with digestive juices. The contents move to the small intestines which absorb the nutrients and transport them to your bloodstream.

Meanwhile, the air that you breathe passes over the alveoli in your lungs. A red blood cell protein called hemoglobin moves this oxygen into the bloodstream. Once these nutrients and oxygen are in the blood, it begins a process called cellular respiration where the oxygen breaks down glucose and stores energy in the cells. Nitrogenous wastes like CO₂  are also released through this process.

Because oxygen is such a crucial component in converting the food you eat into usable energy, a chronic lung condition like COPD can have an immense impact on your appetite, sense of taste, and general eating habits. Although the most common effect of COPD is weight loss, it can also lead to weight gain in some cases. 

Weight Loss in COPD Patients

In a country where 70 percent of people are classified as either overweight or obese, it may come as a surprise that some people suffer with the opposite problem — weight loss. However, according to the Lung Institute, an estimated 40 to 70 percent of COPD patients report losing weight unintentionally.

For a COPD patient, just the act of breathing takes significantly more effort than those without the condition. The Cleveland Clinic reports that breathing can burn up to 10 times as many calories for someone with COPD which can become more severe as the disease progresses. And without an increase in caloric intake, this will inevitably lead to weight loss.

Unintentional and rapid weight loss can be a serious problem and lead to symptoms like muscle loss, loss of energy, and an increased risk of injury and illness. You should visit a doctor regularly to ensure that you are maintaining a healthy weight and aren’t losing weight too quickly as a result of your respiratory condition. 

Pulmonary Cachexia

Although weight loss is generally perceived as a good thing for most people, not all weight loss is healthy, even in someone who may be considered overweight. Pulmonary cachexia is one side-effect of COPD that can lead to the unhealthy loss of both muscle and fat tissue. In severe cases, cachexia may result in the loss of a significant amount of muscle function.

Although the exact cause of cachexia is not known, studies have shown that intracellular mechanisms like myonuclear and protein turnover may be the primary cause. In other words, even people who eat enough and get all the proper nutrients through their diet may still experience a loss in body mass index (BMI). 

According to Physiology.org, cachexia is a common side-effect of COPD with about 20 to 40 percent of COPD patients affected. Although this condition occurs gradually in most people it’s likely accelerated during acute exacerbations, so it’s important to keep up with the treatment plan your doctor has set for you. 

Inflammation 

Inflammation in the lungs is the primary cause of COPD and potentially one of the leading causes of weight loss in COPD as well. Both emphysema and bronchitis — the two main types of COPD — result in inflammation in the lungs. Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes which bring air to the alveoli. Emphysema on the other hand, is the result of inflammation on the alveoli, usually due to exposure to irritants like cigarette smoke.  

Studies have shown that 85 percent of people experience at least one digestive problem with COPD like bloating which can make it difficult to eat. Although there are a number of things that could potentially be causing this, many COPD patients suffer from hyperinflated lungs due to inflammation and too much air getting trapped in the lungs when breathing. This can put stress on the rib cage, diaphragm, and stomach, especially while eating. 

Hormonal Changes

The adrenal glands sit on top of the kidneys and are responsible for a number of important roles in the body. First, and most importantly, they produce hormones that are essential for the normal function of your body. This includes things like regulating your body’s reaction to stress, regulation of blood pressure, and metabolism. There are a number of disorders that can result if the production of hormones is out of balance.

According to COPD News Today, inhaled corticosteroids used to treat COPD and asthma may be at fault for an increased risk of adrenal gland suppression. It’s often difficult to diagnose corticosteroid-induced adrenal suppression because the symptoms can vary widely from something as simple as tiredness to something as serious as a life-threatening illness. 

Fortunately, only a small number of people have experienced this issue with inhaled corticosteroids and COPD patients should not quit taking them before speaking with their doctor first. 

Anxiety

Anxiety can lead to complications when it comes to weight regulation. One of the primary characteristics of stress and anxiety is an increased release of adrenaline and cortisol in the body. This initiates the “fight or flight” response in your body that can increase your metabolism and cause you to lose weight more quickly. What’s more, anxiety can lead to decreased serotonin and dopamine (the feel good hormone) in the brain. This means you’ll likely feel less enjoyment from eating and you may avoid it as a result. 

It’s not uncommon for those coping with COPD to experience anxiety. As symptoms of breathlessness, coughing, and fatigue increase, it’s easy to feel trapped and uncomfortable in your own body. They also may feel stress about being reliant on a loved one for daily tasks or stressed about going somewhere that may cause an exacerbation. For more information on managing anxiety with COPD, read our blog titled COPD and Anxiety: How to Find Peace of Mind.

Weight Gain in COPD Patients

Although it’s significantly less common for someone with a chronic respiratory disease to experience weight gain, it is certainly possible and learning how to keep unnecessary weight off is just as important when it comes to preventing serious COPD exacerbations. 

One of the serious threats of being overweight with COPD is the increased risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). According to WebMD, more than half of people with OSA are either overweight or obese. Since sleep apnea causes disruptions in breathing at night, it can be a potentially life-threatening condition for someone who is also suffering with COPD. 

Inactivity

Possibly the most common cause of weight gain with COPD is inactivity. As COPD progresses, lung function is reduced significantly. Using a spirometry test, pulmonologists are able to determine both your forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and your forced vital capacity (FVC). Below are the levels of lung function you can expect with each stage of COPD.

• Mild COPD (grade 1) - 80 percent or higher FEV1

• Moderate COPD (grade 2) - 50 to 79 percent FEV1

• Severe COPD (grade 3) - 30 to 49 percent FEV1

• Very severe COPD (grade 4) - Under 30 percent FEV1

It goes without saying that as someone progresses through these stages of COPD, their ability to perform physical tasks will diminish. Many people find that they aren’t able to exercise or perform chores around the house like they used to. Fortunately, pulmonary rehabilitation is an effective method for reducing symptoms of COPD and helping people to regulate their weight more easily while coping with the condition.

Lifestyle Changes

Being diagnosed with COPD means making a lot of lifestyle changes that you may not be prepared to make. Although most people eventually adapt and adjust to a new way of life, some people may find it difficult to cope at first.

It’s easy to fall into bad habits like eating unhealthy food or skipping out on breathing exercises or pulmonary rehabilitation classes. However, these are likely all things that your doctor has recommended as part of your treatment plan and you should take care to follow them as best as possible. You might also be on a strict diet regimen that focuses on providing you with nutrients that you need to improve lung function and reduce COPD symptoms. Although it may seem different at first, stick with it until it becomes routine.

Steroids

Steroids are one of the many medications used to treat acute COPD exacerbations and can be either taken orally or inhaled. These steroids help to fight inflammation in the lungs, reduce swelling, and suppress the immune system so that your body doesn’t attack healthy cells. 

Unfortunately, these benefits don’t come without side-effects. Many people who take steroids for COPD experience an increased appetite, fluid retention, and a change in where the body stores fat. This added weight usually appears in the neck, abdomen, and face. And generally, the longer you’re on the steroid and the higher the dose, the more likely you are to experience these symptoms.

Fluid Retention

One thing many people don’t consider when it comes to weight gain is that much of it could be caused by increased fluid retention in their body. Fluid retention is when your body stores water instead of using it. This can be caused by a number of things like pain relievers, antidepressants, and other medications, but one of the most common causes of fluid retention is a high sodium diet and lack of exercise.

Loss of Taste Plays a Role in Weight Management

Aside from the risk factors above, loss of taste or taste dysfunctions can make it difficult to regulate weight and follow a strict dietary routine required for COPD treatment. There are a number of potential causes for this, however, most people tend to experience it more with age, after taking medication, and after smoking. And let’s face it, if you’re not enjoying the food that you’re eating, it’s going to be a lot less likely that you are able to continue eating it.

Medication

Prednisolone is a steroid that can be used to regulate inflammation, metabolism, mineral balance, and the immune system. It’s commonly prescribed by doctors to treat COPD symptoms such as chest tightness, chest pain, and breathlessness. However, some patients report experiencing a metallic taste in their mouth after taking it. 

Other drugs like inhaled corticosteroids used to treat asthma and COPD can leave a strange taste in your mouth after using them. Although the taste tends to go away after an hour or two, it can certainly have an impact on your diet, especially if you take medication right before eating. 

Age

Taste loss is natural as you age. Over time, taste buds will shrink and be less sensitive to food, especially salty, sweet, or bitter flavors. Since COPD is much more common in old age, it’s imperative that you avoid adding salt or sugar to the food that you eat. Sodium causes your body to retain water, leading to weight gain and increasing your chance of experiencing breathlessness and sleep apnea. Sugar, on the other hand, will also lead to weight gain and leave you feeling fatigued.

Before adding anything to your diet, you should speak with your doctor who may be able to recommend seasonings that won’t add any additional side effects. Also, be sure to look up recipes for low-sodium meals.

Dry Mouth

Dry mouth is just what it sounds like — dry mouth due to a lack of saliva production. COPD patients often experience dry mouth when undergoing oxygen therapy because the air that’s processed through their machine is not humidified. Having dry mouth frequently can lead to taste loss and difficulty eating.

Fortunately, there are solutions to this problem. Whether you’re using a CPAP machine for sleeping, a home oxygen concentrator, or a portable oxygen concentrator, you can purchase a humidifier that either attaches to the device or you can use a regular home humidifier. 

What You Can Do To Manage Your Weight

Weight management doesn’t just help you feel better, it’s crucial for preventing serious COPD exacerbations. If you’re overweight, you’ll be more likely to develop sleep apnea which can result in more exacerbations. On the other hand, if you’re underweight, you may start losing muscle mass rather than fat which makes it more difficult to breathe.

Routine Doctor Visits

The best way to manage your weight with COPD is to ensure that you always visit your doctor routinely. Unfortunately, visiting your doctor once a year is not enough for him/her to be able to notice what is actually causing the weight loss or weight gain, so you’ll need to see them regularly to make sure you’re on the right track.  

As we mentioned earlier, maintaining your weight isn’t just about eating right. Your doctor will need to adjust your diet regularly to ensure you’re getting the right nutrients.

Stay Active

It’s normal for someone with COPD to experience declining physical abilities, but in the grand scheme of things, any form of exercise you can manage will help, no matter how insignificant it may seem. 

Pulmonary rehabilitation is a type of exercise routine that’s designed specifically for those coping with a chronic respiratory condition. It teaches COPD patients the best way to exercise, what exercises benefit the lungs the most, as well as breathing exercises that will help you feel less fatigued. Not only will pulmonary rehabilitation help you keep off unnecessary weight but it can help you retain your muscle mass.

Reduce Salt Intake

The average American diet is very high in salt which is known to increase blood pressure and cause weight gain, especially through water retention. Although it’s healthy to have some sodium in your diet, it’s best to get it naturally through your food rather than through added salt. Since your sense of taste tends to decline with age, you should try to avoid adding additional salt to every meal and use other seasonings to add flavor instead. 

Oxygen Therapy

One of the most effective and common treatment options for COPD is oxygen therapy. And the good news is that keeping up with your oxygen therapy treatment will also help you manage your weight. Like we mentioned before, taking a breath can burn as much as 10 times as many calories for someone with a chronic respiratory disease. However, when you use an oxygen therapy device you won’t be exerting any extra energy to breathe.

If you are on the go frequently and want an oxygen therapy device to match that lifestyle, portable oxygen concentrators will help you achieve that. Since oxygen concentrators draw ambient air, you won’t need to carry a heavy and bulky oxygen tank around with you.

Ask For Help

After being diagnosed with a condition like COPD, there’s always the question of how much independence you should maintain. Independence can be great for self-esteem and to help you lead a more fulfilling life. However, simultaneously, you should never be afraid to ask for help when you need it. 

Chances are, you know what it takes to maintain a healthy weight, but if you don’t have the energy to cook like you used to or maintain a healthy lifestyle, you may find it more difficult to manage your weight. A little help from a friend or a loved one can go a long way towards improving your health and you’ll become closer in your relationship as a result.

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Conclusion

Maintaining a healthy weight while coping with COPD isn’t all about your diet. There are a number of complications that COPD patients need to deal with in order to avoid unintentional weight loss or weight gain. While a healthy diet should be the foundation of your COPD treatment plan, you should take into consideration all of the above in order to achieve optimal results.

While it’s great to make changes to your routine in order to improve your health, it’s best to consult a doctor or pulmonary specialist first. What may be beneficial for one person could be detrimental for another and having a clear treatment plan to follow is key to your success.

What is Pulmonary Fibrosis?

Pulmonary fibrosis is a kind of interstitial lung disease (ILD), which belongs to a class of more than 200 diseases that affect the interstitial tissue in the lungs. What is interstitial tissue? It's a type of connective tissue found in the lungs between the air sacs, or alveoli.

Pulmonary fibrosis is aptly named after the disease's main detrimental effect: deep scarring in the lungs. The term “fibrosis” is a medical term for scarring, while “pulmonary” refers to the respiratory system.

People with pulmonary fibrosis have severely scarred tissue deep in their lungs that steadily gets worse over time. The scarring causes the lung tissue to lose its elasticity and become thick and stiff, hurting overall lung function and making it difficult to breathe. Unfortunately, this change is permanent and cannot be reversed with medication or any other known treatment.

Although respiratory irritants, medications, and other diseases can cause lung scarring and lead to pulmonary fibrosis, it is still difficult in most cases to determine the cause of the disease. In fact, most cases of pulmonary fibrosis can't be traced back to any specific known cause.

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How Does Pulmonary Fibrosis Affect Your Body?

The main effect of pulmonary fibrosis is that it reduces lung function and makes it difficult to breathe. That's because scarred (or “fibrotic”) tissue in the lungs is unable to absorb oxygen efficiently.

When you breathe in, the air travels down to your lungs where lots of tiny air sacs, or alveoli, absorb oxygen from the air. Alveoli have very thin membranes with lots of capillaries underneath, which allows them to absorb oxygen very efficiently.

The thin, supple tissue is a key characteristic that allows oxygen to easily diffuse through the membrane into the blood vessels directly underneath. But when healthy lung tissue becomes scarred, it changes texture and becomes thicker, making it hard for the oxygen to get through.

The more scarring (fibrosis) and the less healthy lung tissue there is, the less oxygen is able to enter the bloodstream, and the lower the blood's oxygen saturation level goes. As a result, the lungs have to work harder and take more total breaths in order to supply the whole body with enough oxygen.

In addition to affecting oxygen absorption, the stiff, fibrotic tissue is less flexible and stretchy than healthy lung tissue. This makes it difficult for the lungs to expand, causing them to use up more energy with each breath.

This leads people with pulmonary fibrosis to feel breathless and fatigued. If left untreated, low blood oxygen levels can lead to more serious complications over time.

Key Facts about Pulmonary Fibrosis

About 140 thousand Americans are currently diagnosed and living with pulmonary fibrosis. It can affect men and women of any age, but it is most common in middle-aged and older adults.

Each case of pulmonary fibrosis is unique, and the disease can progress slowly in some people and more quickly in others. The speed at which the disease progresses can vary based on age, lifestyle, treatment, individual genetic factors, and the disease's root cause.

Besides causing lung damage and respiratory issues, pulmonary fibrosis can lead to other serious complications. It can cause a variety of life-threatening conditions, including lung infections, lung cancer, blood clots, and collapsed lungs.

Most people diagnosed with pulmonary fibrosis have a life expectancy of three to five years, depending on how quickly the disease is discovered and how effectively it's treated. The most common cause of death is respiratory failure, but death can also result from complications like pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, lung cancer, or pneumonia.

Symptoms of Pulmonary Fibrosis

The first and most obvious symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis are shortness of breath and coughing. While these symptoms are associated with many more minor, temporary respiratory illnesses (like the common cold), the symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis are chronic and refuse go away.

In early stages of the disease, many people don't notice any symptoms at all. As their pulmonary fibrosis progresses, however, people with the disease usually start noticing that they tire more easily and have difficulty breathing during heavy physical activity.

As the disease goes on and lung damage worsens, patients can experience weight loss, joint pain, and “clubbing” in their fingers and toes. Eventually, the decline in lung function can leave you feeling breathless during even light daily activities or at rest.

Pulmonary Fibrosis Symptoms:

• Shortness of breath (especially with physical activity)
• Fatigue
• Shallow breathing
• Dry cough
• Unexplained weight loss
• Sore muscles and joints
• “Clubbing” (rounding and widening) of the fingers and toes

Causes of Pulmonary Fibrosis

Many different diseases, conditions, and environmental factors can cause, or contribute to, pulmonary fibrosis. However, in a large number of cases doctors can't find any clear cause.

If a reason or underlying condition is found, then it can improve the patient's treatment and prognosis. It can help your doctor put together a more targeted treatment plan and help you more effectively manage the disease.

The causes and contributing factors for pulmonary fibrosis fall into three general categories: environmental irritants, medications, and other underlying diseases.

Environmental Factors

Exposure to certain environmental factors, such as dust or asbestos, can cause lung scarring over long periods of time. That's why it's very important to avoid respiratory irritants when you can and wear proper protection when you can't.

This is especially important if you work in a field like agriculture or construction, which can expose workers to harmful chemicals and respiratory irritants for hours day after day.

Here are a few of the environmental irritants that can put you at risk for developing pulmonary fibrosis over the long term:

• Asbestos fibers
• Silica dust
• Hard metal dusts
• Grain and other organic dusts
• Bird and other animal droppings

Medication

Research on the risk factors for the disease has identified at least 42 drugs that can cause pulmonary fibrosis as a side effect.

Some medications only have a mild association with the disease, but others are much more risky. The drug bleomycin (often prescribed to treat lung cancer), for example, is known to have a relatively high risk of causing pulmonary fibrosis.

However, it is often difficult to determine whether medications like these are the cause for a specific case of pulmonary fibrosis. Even if a patient has a history of using a high-risk drug it can be impossible to confirm that it was the sole cause.

Radiation and chemotherapy treatments for cancer are another source of lung damage that can lead to pulmonary fibrosis. Because it often takes several months, or even years, before the damage makes itself known, it can creep up out of nowhere.

Luckily, only a small percentage of cancer patients who go through radiation or chemotherapy treatment eventually develop pulmonary fibrosis. The likelihood of getting the disease following radiation therapy depends largely on the severity and scope of radiation exposure, underlying lung conditions, and whether or not the patient underwent chemotherapy as well.

Here are some of the medications known to cause pulmonary fibrosis:

• Heart medications prescribed for heart murmurs
• Certain antibiotics, including notrofurantoin or ethambutol
• Chemotherapy drugs
• Certain anti-inflammatory medications like rituximab and sulfasalazine

Existing Medical Conditions

Some viruses, including hepatitis C, human herpesvirus-8, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus can affect the lungs and leave you prone to developing pulmonary fibrosis. There is also a variety of other conditions, especially autoimmune diseases, that can cause lung damage and fibrosis.

Here are some other medical conditions that can lead to pulmonary fibrosis:

• Dermatomyositis
• Polymyositis
• Mixed connective tissue disease
• Systemic lupus erythematousus
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Sarcoidosis
• Scleroderma
• Pneumonia
• Emphysema

Other Causes

Although there are many diseases and environmental factors that can lead to pulmonary fibrosis, a direct cause for the disease is difficult to find. Often, there are simply no underlying illnesses or obvious risk factors in a person's history that would explain how they got the disease.

In this case, a doctor will diagnose Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), which is a case of pulmonary fibrosis that happens spontaneously, with no obvious cause. This can be a frustrating diagnosis to get, because it doesn't give patients the answers and explanations that some need to understand and come to terms with the disease.

However, it's important to remember that most people with pulmonary fibrosis never find an obvious cause. Instead of focusing on the “why,” patients should focus what they and their doctor can do in the future to manage the symptoms and prevent disease progression.

In some cases, genetic factors can predispose you to getting a disease like pulmonary fibrosis, which provides an explanation for some spontaneous cases of IPF. It's been found that as many as 10-15 percent of people diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have at least one other family member with the disease.

Risk Factors for Pulmonary Fibrosis

Some people are more likely than others to develop pulmonary fibrosis. Depending on your lifestyle, habits, and genetic predisposition to the disease, you might be more likely to develop pulmonary fibrosis at some point in your lifetime.

First, pulmonary fibrosis is more likely to affect people who are older, and people who are female. The disease is also far more likely to affect people who smoke or are exposed to respiratory irritants through their occupation.

If you work in certain industries, like farming, mining, or construction, you might be at a higher risk for developing pulmonary fibrosis. These kinds of jobs are a common source of exposure to lung irritants that can cause inflammation and scarring.

Here are all the major factors that can put you at risk for developing pulmonary fibrosis:

• Smoking
• Being above the age of 50
• Being male
• Cancer treatments (radiation and chemotherapy)
• Genetics (having other family members with pulmonary fibrosis)
• Having an occupation that exposes you to respiratory irritants (exposure to silica dust, coal dust, grain dust, and other irritants)

Although all of these things are not always controllable, you can still take steps to prevent pulmonary fibrosis by being aware of potential irritants and risk factors. If you avoid unhealthy habits like smoking and protect yourself from dust and other irritants at home and work, you can greatly reduce your risk for lung diseases like pulmonary fibrosis.

Complications that Can Occur with Pulmonary Fibrosis

While pulmonary fibrosis only directly affects the tissue in the lungs, it can lead to a host of other symptoms and detrimental health conditions. Long-term inflammation also makes lung tissue more prone to infection and even developing cancer.

One of the most serious complications pulmonary hypertension, which puts pressure and strain on the heart and surrounding arteries. In the most severe cases, this can enlarge the heart and even cause right ventricle heart failure and death.

Pulmonary Hypertension: This is a potentially serious condition that occurs when the scarred tissue from pulmonary fibrosis presses against the arteries in the lungs, causing them to narrow. This results in high blood press/ure in the lungs and heart, which causes pressure in the lower right heart chamber as well as the heart's main arteries.

Right-sided Heart Failure: This is a medical emergency that can result from pulmonary hypertension. As the pressure in the heart increases due to constricted arteries, it has to work much harder to pump blood through the lungs. This effects the right ventricle of the heart the most, and over time it can cause  it to fail.

Respiratory Failure: Respiratory failure happens when the lungs simply cannot absorb enough oxygen to supply your vital organs, like your heart and brain. Blood oxygen falls to critically dangerous levels, requiring oxygen therapy and medical intervention.

Pulmonary Embolism: A pulmonary embolism a blood clot that travels through the bloodstream to the lungs, where it gets caught and blocks blood flow. In patients with pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary embolisms can be much more serious, and even small clots can cause major problems.

Pulmonary embolism can be caused by long periods of inactivity and immobilization, such as during long plane rides and travel. It tends to happen more often in males and to patients after lung transplant surgery.

Lung Cancer: Over time, the inflammation and tissue damage caused by pulmonary fibrosis can leave you at a greater risk of developing lung cancer.

Other Lung Complications: As the disease progresses, pulmonary fibrosis can cause severe problems like infections, blood clots, or even a collapsed lung.

Treatments for Pulmonary Fibrosis

There is no absolute cure for pulmonary fibrosis, but it is possible to increase your lifespan and quality of life through proper treatment. Effective disease management usually involves a variety of lifestyle changes, medication, supplemental oxygen, and taking steps to avoid catching contagious illnesses.

Quit Smoking

Smoking and pulmonary fibrosis do not mix well. In fact, smoking is one of the quickest ways to make symptoms worse and cause the disease to progress even faster.

Quitting smoking can be a very difficult change to make, but you don't have to do it alone. There are countless resources online and in local communities in every state dedicated to providing smokers with information, support, and the medical resources they need to quit.

If you have pulmonary fibrosis, it is very important to protect your lungs from all kinds of smoke, including secondhand smoke and open fires. Make sure you ask your friends and family members who smoke not to smoke around you, and help them understand why it's important for your health.

If you need help quitting smoking, talk to your doctor about quit smoking medications or smoking cessation programs in your area. You can also visit the American Lung Association's website for more advice and support. Www.lung.org/stop-smoking

Pulmonary Rehabilitation

Lung diseases can be scary and difficult to manage, and there is a lot to learn after being diagnosed with pulmonary fibrosis. Many people find that they need some help and support staying healthy and adhering to strict treatment and exercise plans—especially since the disease can make physical activity difficult.

That's what pulmonary rehabilitation is designed for: to help people with lung diseases like pulmonary fibrosis learn the skills and techniques they need to survive and thrive with their disease. It often includes group sessions with licensed medical professionals and therapists who can answer questions, provide support, and teach you how to manage your symptoms.

Pulmonary rehabilitation will teach you how to monitor your symptoms and use medications, supplemental oxygen, and breathing techniques to keep your oxygen levels high. You will learn about healthy diet and nutrition, special lung-friendly exercises, and how to manage your breathing and oxygen levels during physical activity.

Pulmonary rehabilitation is a truly comprehensive approach to health and lung disease management that anyone with pulmonary fibrosis could benefit from. And it's not only a place to learn skills and receive professional advice; one of the best things about pulmonary rehab is the opportunity to meet and connect with other people who have lung diseases, too.

Pulmonary rehab is a great place to build relationships with people who understand what it's like to live with pulmonary fibrosis and are dealing with similar challenges. You can't put a value on support and friendship, and that's what everyone who has to cope with a chronic disease truly needs.

Vaccination

When you have a lung disease like pulmonary fibrosis, even minor illnesses can be a big deal. That's why it's important to keep up with vaccinations, including yearly flu shots.

Getting an illness that affect the respiratory system, like the common flu, can make pulmonary fibrosis symptoms worse. Existing symptoms like shortness of breath and wheezing can become much more severe and require medical intervention.

Since doctors commonly prescribe immune system suppressants for pulmonary fibrosis, people with the disease are even more vulnerable to getting sick than the general population. However, you can protect yourself by getting yearly flu shots and practicing proper hygiene in public places.

Diet & Exercise

Anything that puts extra stress on your heart and lungs can make it difficult to breathe when you have pulmonary fibrosis. That's why proper diet and exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight, is such an important part of treating the disease.

Being overweight can worsen your symptoms and increase breathlessness, and patients who are severely overweight may not be eligible for lung transplant surgery. If you struggle to maintain a healthy weight, talk to your doctor to get advice on healthy ways to lose weight and eat better.

Pulmonary rehabilitation is also a great way to gain the knowledge and support you need to live a healthy, active lifestyle. Talk to your doctor or visit the COPD foundation's website to find a pulmonary rehabilitation program near you.

Lung Transplant Surgery

Depending on personal health and disease history, patients diagnosed with pulmonary fibrosis are often urged to seek a lung transplant. Lung transplant surgery can be a very effective treatment and increase both the length and quality of life for pulmonary fibrosis patients.

Many people with pulmonary fibrosis have benefited from the procedure; in fact, more than 50% of lung transplant surgeries are performed for patients with some form of pulmonary fibrosis. However, in order to be eligible for a lung transplant, you must be relatively healthy and have no other major diseases.

If you are diagnosed with pulmonary fibrosis, it's important to begin the process of becoming a potential transplant candidate as soon as possible. You will have to undergo an intense evaluation and be placed on a waiting list before you can be considered for the operation.

Medications

Although pulmonary fibrosis is not curable, there is still a variety of medications available to help people with the disease live more comfortably.